Fruits· Cydonia oblonga

Anbauratgeber für Quince

Quince is a deciduous pome-fruit tree of the Rosaceae and the sole species of the genus Cydonia, grown for its hard, aromatic, golden-yellow fruit. Ripe fruit is tart and astringent and nearly all cultivars are too hard to eat raw, so it is almost always cooked; its very high pectin content makes it set preserves readily and it is the basis of Iberian quince cheese (dulce de membrillo) and Portuguese marmelada, from which the word marmalade descends. Quince is also propagated as a dwarfing rootstock for pear (Quince A, semi-dwarfing, and Quince C, dwarfing, both from East Malling), a commercial role independent of fruit production. It should not be confused with the ornamental flowering or Japanese quince (Chaenomeles), a distinct genus of spiny shrubs grown for flowers rather than fruit, nor with Chinese quince (Pseudocydonia sinensis); all three are separate genera within the pome-bearing tribe Maleae of the Rosaceae, and molecular data place Pseudocydonia closest to Cydonia.

Wie lange dauert der Anbau von Quince?

Quince erreicht die erste Ernte in der Regel etwa 4 Jahre nach der Pflanzung.

1460

Tage bis zur Ernte

10,280

kg/Hektar

moderate

Wasserbedarf

full sun

Sonnenbedarf

Anbaubedingungen

Frosttoleranz

moderate

Trockenheitstoleranz

low

Luftfeuchtigkeit

low Toleranz

Hitzetoleranz

moderate

Bodenanforderungen

Bodenart & pH-Wert

Beste Bodenarten: loam, sandy loam, clay loam

pH-Bereich: 6 - 6.5 (optimal: 6.3)

Drainage: good

Nährstoffbedarf (N-P-K)

Stickstoff (N)low

Pflanzanleitung

Pflanzmethoden

grafted nursery tree, hardwood cuttings, budding onto quince rootstock

Pflanzabstand

500 cm Abstand, 500 cm Reihen

Pflanzdichte

400 Pflanzen/Hektar

Pflanzzeit

fall, winter

Bewässerung

Deep watering through summer while the fruit is swelling; the root system is shallow, so trees are drought-susceptible. On deep moisture-retentive soil an established tree may need water only in prolonged dry spells. Do not irrigate during bloom and avoid overhead irrigation, which drives fire blight and quince leaf blight.

Ertrag & Wirtschaftlichkeit

Ertragsspanne

5,920 - 25,320 kg/ha

Häufige Schädlinge & Krankheiten

Häufige Schädlinge

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella)
Aphids
Scale insects
Mealybugs
Leafroller caterpillars (Tortricidae)

Häufige Krankheiten

Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) - the defining risk; quince and pear are rated extremely susceptible
Quince leaf blight (Diplocarpon mespili, listed as D. maculatum by some sources)
Brown rot (Monilinia spp.)
Cedar-quince rust (Gymnosporangium clavipes)
Powdery mildew

Nutzen Sie die KI-gestützte Erkennung von Pflanzenkrankheiten, um Probleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und Ernteverluste zu vermeiden.

Anbautipps

Treat fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) as the defining risk: UC IPM rates pear and quince as extremely susceptible. Keep nitrogen light, since lush vegetative growth is what the bacterium exploits; do not irrigate during bloom; and cut blighted wood well below the visible margin (UC IPM advises removing all discoloured tissue plus a further 15 to 20 cm on trunk infections, UW-Madison at least 30 cm below symptoms), disinfecting shears between cuts.

Leave fruit on the tree to ripen fully and pick in October or November, once it has turned from light yellow to deep golden and is strongly aromatic, but before the first frosts. Cut the fruit off rather than pulling it, then let it mellow for six to eight weeks before cooking.

Flowers are self-fertile, so a single tree will crop, but yields are better with cross-pollination from a second quince. Bloom is in late spring, after the leaves emerge, which gives some natural escape from early spring frosts.

The root system is shallow and the tree is drought-susceptible, so water deeply through summer while the fruit is swelling, and shelter the site - quince is easily damaged by strong wind.

In wet summers watch for quince leaf blight (Diplocarpon mespili), which causes heavy leaf spotting and early defoliation and can cost the crop. Rake up and remove fallen leaves and avoid overhead irrigation; orchards already sprayed for scab tend to stay clean.

Do not plant near junipers. Cedar-quince rust (Gymnosporangium clavipes) needs two hosts to complete its cycle, one of them normally a juniper, so separating the two breaks the cycle.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

How long does Quince take to grow?

Quince typically takes about 4 years from planting to first harvest. The best planting season is fall, winter.

What soil does Quince need?

Quince grows best in loam, sandy loam, clay loam soil with a pH of 6-6.5. Good drainage is required.

What temperature does Quince need?

Quince grows best at -15-varies°C. Frost tolerance: moderate. Heat tolerance: moderate.

What is the expected yield for Quince?

Across 8 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Quince range from 5,920 to 25,320 kg/hectare, with a median of 10,280. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management.