Industrial & Crops· Theobroma cacao

Anbauratgeber für Cocoa

Tropical understorey tree producing the raw material for chocolate. Ivory Coast and Ghana produce 60% of global supply. Requires shade, humidity, and stable temperatures. Beans are fermented and dried before processing.

Wie lange dauert der Anbau von Cocoa?

Cocoa erreicht die erste Ernte in der Regel etwa 3 Jahre nach der Pflanzung.

1095

Tage bis zur Ernte

400

kg dried beans/Hektar

high

Wasserbedarf

partial shade

Sonnenbedarf

Anbaubedingungen

Temperatur

22-30°C optimal

Niederschlag

1250-3000 mm/Jahr

Frosttoleranz

none

Trockenheitstoleranz

low

Luftfeuchtigkeit

high Toleranz

Hitzetoleranz

low

Bodenanforderungen

Bodenart & pH-Wert

Beste Bodenarten: deep clay loam, volcanic, alluvial

pH-Bereich: 5 - 6.5 (optimal: 5.8)

Drainage: good

Pflanzanleitung

Pflanzmethoden

seedlings under shade trees

Pflanzabstand

300 cm Abstand, 300 cm Reihen

Pflanzzeit

wet season

Ertrag & Wirtschaftlichkeit

Ertragsspanne

270 - 400 kg dried beans/ha

Marktnachfrage

growing

Rentabilität

medium

Ernten/Jahr

Häufige Schädlinge & Krankheiten

Häufige Schädlinge

cocoa pod borer
mirids (capsids)
mealybugs

Häufige Krankheiten

black pod (Phytophthora)
witches broom
frosty pod rot
swollen shoot virus

Nutzen Sie die KI-gestützte Erkennung von Pflanzenkrankheiten, um Probleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und Ernteverluste zu vermeiden.

Anbautipps

Ferment beans for 5-7 days in wooden boxes — proper fermentation is critical for flavor development and cannot be corrected later

Maintain shade canopy at 50-60% — excess shade reduces yield, too little causes sunscald and moisture stress

Prune to maintain 3-5 main branches (jorquette) — overgrown trees waste energy on vegetative growth

Häufig gestellte Fragen

How long does Cocoa take to grow?

Cocoa typically takes about 3 years from planting to first harvest. The best planting season is wet season.

What soil does Cocoa need?

Cocoa grows best in deep clay loam, volcanic, alluvial soil with a pH of 5-6.5. Good drainage is required.

What temperature does Cocoa need?

Cocoa grows best at 22-30°C. Frost tolerance: none. Heat tolerance: low.

What is the expected yield for Cocoa?

Across 3 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Cocoa range from 270 to 400 kg dried beans/hectare, with a median of 400. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management. Multiple harvests per year are possible (2).