Fruits· Citrus sinensis
Guide de culture du Citrus
Citrus fruit trees including oranges, lemons, and limes. Grown in Mediterranean and subtropical climates.
Conditions de croissance
Exigences du sol
Type de sol et pH
Meilleurs types de sol : sandy loam, loam, silt loam
Plage de pH : 5.5 - 7 (optimal : 6)
Drainage : excellent
Besoins en nutriments (N-P-K)
Guide de plantation
Rendement et économie
Ravageurs et maladies courants
Ravageurs courants
- Citrus psyllid
- Citrus leafminer
- Scale insects
- Aphids
- Mediterranean fruit fly
- Citrus red mite
Maladies courantes
- Citrus greening (HLB)
- Citrus canker
- Phytophthora root rot
- Citrus tristeza virus
- Melanose
- Alternaria brown spot
Conseils de culture
Control Asian citrus psyllid aggressively — it vectors Huanglongbing (citrus greening), the most devastating citrus disease globally with no cure.
Graft onto disease-resistant rootstock (Carrizo citrange, Swingle citrumelo) rather than growing from seed — rootstock determines cold tolerance, disease resistance, and tree size.
Apply nitrogen in 3-4 split applications (Feb, May, Aug, Oct in northern hemisphere) rather than a single dose — citrus trees absorb nutrients slowly and excess leaches easily.
Maintain a weed-free zone 1-2 m around the trunk to prevent Phytophthora crown rot — mulch helps but keep it 15 cm away from the trunk.
Irrigate deeply but infrequently during fruit development — consistent moisture prevents fruit splitting, while brief dry stress before harvest concentrates sugars.
Prune only to remove dead wood, water sprouts, and crossing branches — heavy pruning reduces yield for 2-3 years and exposes bark to sunscald.
Questions fréquentes
How long does Citrus take to grow?
Citrus typically takes 1095 days from planting to harvest. Seeds germinate in about 21 days. The best planting season is spring.
What soil does Citrus need?
Citrus grows best in sandy loam, loam, silt loam soil with a pH of 5.5-7. Excellent drainage is required.
What temperature does Citrus need?
Citrus grows best at 20-32°C. Frost tolerance: light. Heat tolerance: high.
What is the expected yield for Citrus?
Citrus yields approximately 25,000 kg/hectare under good conditions.
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Termes agronomiques clés
Les concepts agricoles essentiels, expliqués simplement.
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