Root & Crops & Tubers· Solanum tuberosum

Guía de cultivo de Potato

Fourth most important food crop globally. Versatile tuber with many culinary uses. High yield potential with proper management.

¿Cuánto tarda en crecer Potato?

Potato suele estar listo para la cosecha unos 90 días después de la siembra.

Días hasta la cosecha

30,090

kg/hectárea

high

Necesidades de agua

full sun

Necesidades de sol

Condiciones de cultivo

Temperatura

15-22°C óptima

Precipitación

500-1200 mm/año

Tolerancia a las heladas

light

Tolerancia a la sequía

low

Humedad

Tolerancia moderate

Tolerancia al calor

low

Requisitos del suelo

Tipo de suelo y pH

Mejores tipos de suelo: sandy loam, loam, silt loam

Rango de pH: 5 - 6.2 (óptimo: 5.6)

Drenaje: excellent

Necesidades de nutrientes (N-P-K)

Nitrógeno (N)moderate

Fósforo (P)high

Potasio (K)high

Guía de siembra

Métodos de siembra

seed tubers, cut seed pieces

Profundidad de siembra

10 cm

Distancia entre plantas

30 cm de separación, 75 cm entre hileras

Temporada de siembra

spring

Rendimiento y economía

Rango de rendimiento

3,760 - 50,900 kg/ha

Demanda del mercado

stable

Rentabilidad

high

Plagas y enfermedades comunes

Plagas comunes

Colorado potato beetle
Aphids
Wireworms
Potato tuber moth
Nematodes

Enfermedades comunes

Late blight
Early blight
Scab
Black leg
Potato virus Y

Usa la detección de enfermedades de cultivos con IA para identificar problemas a tiempo y prevenir pérdidas de cosecha.

Consejos de cultivo

Hill potatoes when plants are 15-20 cm tall — mound soil around stems to cover developing tubers and prevent greening from light exposure.

Use certified disease-free seed potatoes — most potato diseases are tuber-borne and recycling farm-saved seed spreads infection.

Potatoes need consistent moisture, especially during tuber bulking (flowering stage). Irregular watering causes knobby, cracked tubers.

Avoid planting potatoes in the same field more than once every 3 years — this breaks late blight and nematode cycles.

Stop watering 2 weeks before harvest to let skins set. Mature skin resists damage during harvest and improves storage life.

Store potatoes at 4-7°C with 90% humidity in complete darkness. Light causes greening and solanine buildup (toxic).

Preguntas frecuentes

How long does Potato take to grow?

Potato typically takes 90 days from planting to harvest. Seeds germinate in about 14 days. The best planting season is spring.

What soil does Potato need?

Potato grows best in sandy loam, loam, silt loam soil with a pH of 5-6.2. Excellent drainage is required.

What temperature does Potato need?

Potato grows best at 15-22°C. Frost tolerance: light. Heat tolerance: low.

What is the expected yield for Potato?

Across 19 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Potato range from 3,760 to 50,900 kg/hectare, with a median of 30,090. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management.