Industrial & Crops· Coffea arabica

Guía de cultivo de Coffee

Tropical shrub producing coffee beans. Arabica is the most widely grown species.

¿Cuánto tarda en crecer Coffee?

Coffee suele alcanzar su primera cosecha unos 3 años después de la siembra.

1095

Días hasta la cosecha

1,310

kg green beans/hectárea

high

Necesidades de agua

partial shade

Necesidades de sol

Condiciones de cultivo

Temperatura

18-25°C óptima

Precipitación

1200-2200 mm/año

Tolerancia a las heladas

none

Tolerancia a la sequía

low

Humedad

Tolerancia high

Tolerancia al calor

low

Requisitos del suelo

Tipo de suelo y pH

Mejores tipos de suelo: volcanic loam, sandy loam, loam

Rango de pH: 5.5 - 7 (óptimo: 6.3)

Drenaje: excellent

Necesidades de nutrientes (N-P-K)

Nitrógeno (N)high

Fósforo (P)moderate

Potasio (K)high

Guía de siembra

Métodos de siembra

transplanting, direct seeding

Profundidad de siembra

1 cm

Distancia entre plantas

200 cm de separación, 250 cm entre hileras

Temporada de siembra

spring, early summer

Rendimiento y economía

Rango de rendimiento

740 - 1,800 kg green beans/ha

Demanda del mercado

growing

Rentabilidad

high

Plagas y enfermedades comunes

Plagas comunes

Coffee berry borer
Coffee leaf miner
Green scale
Root-knot nematode
Antestia bug

Enfermedades comunes

Coffee leaf rust
Coffee berry disease
Fusarium wilt
Brown eye spot
Root rot

Usa la detección de enfermedades de cultivos con IA para identificar problemas a tiempo y prevenir pérdidas de cosecha.

Consejos de cultivo

Grow Arabica at 1000-2000 m elevation for premium quality — altitude slows cherry maturation, producing denser beans with more complex flavors.

Establish shade trees (Inga, Grevillea, Erythrina) before planting coffee — 40-60% shade cover reduces stress, extends cherry ripening, and supports biodiversity.

Monitor for coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) during warm, humid weather — copper-based fungicides applied preventively before the rainy season are most effective.

Prune to maintain a single-stem or multi-stem system — remove vertical suckers and exhausted primary branches to keep production on vigorous 2-3 year old wood.

Harvest only fully ripe (red/yellow) cherries by selective hand-picking — unripe or overripe cherries dramatically reduce cup quality and price premiums.

Apply organic mulch (coffee pulp, grass cuttings) 10-15 cm deep around the drip line to maintain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and recycle nutrients.

Preguntas frecuentes

How long does Coffee take to grow?

Coffee typically takes about 3 years from planting to first harvest. Seeds germinate in about 60 days. The best planting season is spring, early summer.

What soil does Coffee need?

Coffee grows best in volcanic loam, sandy loam, loam soil with a pH of 5.5-7. Excellent drainage is required.

What temperature does Coffee need?

Coffee grows best at 18-25°C. Frost tolerance: none. Heat tolerance: low.

What is the expected yield for Coffee?

Across 5 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Coffee range from 740 to 1,800 kg green beans/hectare, with a median of 1,310. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management.