Industrial & Crops· Theobroma cacao

Guía de cultivo de Cocoa

Tropical understorey tree producing the raw material for chocolate. Ivory Coast and Ghana produce 60% of global supply. Requires shade, humidity, and stable temperatures. Beans are fermented and dried before processing.

¿Cuánto tarda en crecer Cocoa?

Cocoa suele alcanzar su primera cosecha unos 3 años después de la siembra.

1095

Días hasta la cosecha

400

kg dried beans/hectárea

high

Necesidades de agua

partial shade

Necesidades de sol

Condiciones de cultivo

Temperatura

22-30°C óptima

Precipitación

1250-3000 mm/año

Tolerancia a las heladas

none

Tolerancia a la sequía

low

Humedad

Tolerancia high

Tolerancia al calor

low

Requisitos del suelo

Tipo de suelo y pH

Mejores tipos de suelo: deep clay loam, volcanic, alluvial

Rango de pH: 5 - 6.5 (óptimo: 5.8)

Drenaje: good

Guía de siembra

Métodos de siembra

seedlings under shade trees

Distancia entre plantas

300 cm de separación, 300 cm entre hileras

Temporada de siembra

wet season

Rendimiento y economía

Rango de rendimiento

270 - 400 kg dried beans/ha

Demanda del mercado

growing

Rentabilidad

medium

Cosechas/año

Plagas y enfermedades comunes

Plagas comunes

cocoa pod borer
mirids (capsids)
mealybugs

Enfermedades comunes

black pod (Phytophthora)
witches broom
frosty pod rot
swollen shoot virus

Usa la detección de enfermedades de cultivos con IA para identificar problemas a tiempo y prevenir pérdidas de cosecha.

Consejos de cultivo

Ferment beans for 5-7 days in wooden boxes — proper fermentation is critical for flavor development and cannot be corrected later

Maintain shade canopy at 50-60% — excess shade reduces yield, too little causes sunscald and moisture stress

Prune to maintain 3-5 main branches (jorquette) — overgrown trees waste energy on vegetative growth

Preguntas frecuentes

How long does Cocoa take to grow?

Cocoa typically takes about 3 years from planting to first harvest. The best planting season is wet season.

What soil does Cocoa need?

Cocoa grows best in deep clay loam, volcanic, alluvial soil with a pH of 5-6.5. Good drainage is required.

What temperature does Cocoa need?

Cocoa grows best at 22-30°C. Frost tolerance: none. Heat tolerance: low.

What is the expected yield for Cocoa?

Across 3 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Cocoa range from 270 to 400 kg dried beans/hectare, with a median of 400. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management. Multiple harvests per year are possible (2).