Industrial & Crops· Camellia sinensis
Evergreen shrub whose leaves are processed into tea. Grown in highland tropical regions.
Tea typically reaches its first harvest about 3 years after planting.
FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Production: Crops and livestock products. Accessed on 13 October 2026. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL Licence: CC-BY-4.0.
Best soil types: acidic loam, sandy loam, volcanic
pH range: 4.5 - 5.5 (optimal: 5)
Drainage: excellent
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Pluck only the top two leaves and a bud (fine plucking) for quality tea — coarse plucking (3+ leaves) increases volume but drastically reduces auction prices.
Maintain the plucking table at 60-75 cm through regular pruning cycles — unpruned tea grows into trees and becomes impossible to harvest efficiently.
Tea requires strongly acidic soil (pH 4.5-5.5) — apply sulfur or aluminum sulfate if pH exceeds 6.0, as nutrient lockout occurs in alkaline conditions.
Establish shade trees (Grevillea, Albizia) at 8-12 m spacing to reduce heat stress and improve leaf quality — shade-grown tea has higher L-theanine and better flavor.
Apply nitrogen in 4-5 split doses aligned with plucking rounds (every 6-8 weeks) — tea responds to N more than any other nutrient, but excess causes coarse growth.
Pluck every 7-10 days during the growing season — longer intervals produce coarser shoots that reduce both quality grade and processing efficiency.
Tea typically takes about 3 years from planting to first harvest. Seeds germinate in about 30 days. The best planting season is spring.
Tea grows best in acidic loam, sandy loam, volcanic soil with a pH of 4.5-5.5. Excellent drainage is required.
Tea grows best at 18-28°C. Frost tolerance: light. Heat tolerance: low.
Across 46 countries with grounded data, reported national yields for Tea range from 60 to 17,450 kg made tea/hectare, with a median of 5,545. These are national statistics, not a best-case figure — an individual farm's yield depends on variety, climate, soil and management. Multiple harvests per year are possible (4).
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